Life in Motion • Past Tense Adjectives

🕰️ Past Tense of Adjectives in Japanese

Past Tense: VerbsPast Tense: AdjectivesPractice

Learn how to talk about how things were in the past! This lesson covers how to change adjectives to the past tense in polite form, so you can describe what something was.

🎯 Learning Objectives


  • • Change い-adjectives to past tense (かったです)
  • • Change な-adjectives to past tense (でした)
  • • Use adjectives in sentences about the past
  • • Listen and recognize past tense adjectives

📝 How to Make Adjectives Past Tense (Affirmative)


There are two main types of adjectives in Japanese: い-adjectives and な-adjectives. Each has its own way to make the past tense.

TypePresentPastRule
い-adjectiveたかいですたかかったです Drop い, add かったです for past.
な-adjectiveしずかですしずかでした Add でした for past.

💡 Quick Guide for Beginners:

  • • い-adjective: Drop final い, add かったです
    たかいです → たかかったです
  • • な-adjective: Just change です to でした
    しずかです → しずかでした

とくべつ (Special): いいです


There's one very important exception you need to remember:

Present

いいです

(good)

Past

よかったです

(was good)

This is very common so please remember it!

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🌸 れい (Examples)


Let's practice with some examples! Listen to the audio and try repeating.

い-adjectives

たかいですたかかったです


expensive → was expensive

きのうのペンはたかかったです。

Yesterday's pen was expensive.

おおきいですおおきかったです


big → was big

へやはおおきかったです。

The room was big.

ちいさいですちいさかったです


small → was small

いぬはちいさかったです。

The dog was small.

あたらしいですあたらしかったです


new → was new

くるまはあたらしかったです。

The car was new.

ふるいですふるかったです


old → was old

ほんはふるかったです。

The book was old.

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な-adjectives

しずかですしずかでした


quiet → was quiet

こうえんはしずかでした。

The park was quiet.

きれいですきれいでした


clean/pretty → was clean/pretty

へやはきれいでした。

The room was clean.

ゆうめいですゆうめいでした


famous → was famous

せんせいはゆうめいでした。

The teacher was famous.

べんりですべんりでした


convenient → was convenient

このみせはべんりでした。

This shop was convenient.

⏰ いつ? (When?) to Use Past Tense


Use past tense when:

  • • Describing something that happened before now
  • • Talking about how something was in the past
  • • Describing past experiences

Common time words with past tense:

  • • きのう (yesterday)
  • • せんしゅう (last week)
  • • せんげつ (last month)
  • • きょねん (last year)

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🏋️ れんしゅう (Practice)


Try making these adjectives past tense:

🎯 Practice Right Now:

  • • Make sentences about yesterday using these adjectives: おいしい, さむい, むずかしい
  • • Listen to the examples and repeat them
  • • Make a sentence about how your day was yesterday using いい (よかった)

まとめ (Summary)


  • • い-adjectives: Drop い, add かったです
  • • な-adjectives: Add でした
  • • Exception: いいです → よかったです
  • • Use past tense adjectives to describe how things were before now
Past Tense VerbsPractice

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